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NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION AND ITS EFFECT ON
COST, IMPORTANCE OF HAND HYGIENE (TRANSMISSION THROUGH HANDS AS WELL
AS SURFACES)
- Clinical Microbiological Reviews, Oct. 2004, Volume 17, Number 4, Pages 863-893 Epidemiologic Background of Hand Hygiene and Evaluation of the Most Important Agents for Scrubs and Rubs Gunter Kampf and Axel Kramer Bode Chemie GmbH & Co. – Hamburg [See Pages 864,865,868,869]

STERILLIUM IS AN ESTABLISHED SUPERIOR BROAD
SPECTRUM ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT INCLUDING MRSA 
- • Clinical Microbiological Reviews, Oct. 2004, Volume 17, Number 4, Pages 863-893 Epidemiologic Background of Hand Hygiene and Evaluation of the Most Important Agents for Scrubs and Rubs. Gunter Kampf and Axel Kramer
Bode Chemie GmbH & Co. – Hamburg
[See Page 879, column 44]

- • Validity Of The Four European Test Strains Of Pr EN 12054 For The Determination Of Comprehensive Bactericidal Activity Of An Alcohol-Based Hand Rub G.Kampf, A. Hollingsworth Journal Of Hospital Infection (2003), Volume 55, Pages 226-231 [This is a comparison of 4 test organisms according to Pr EN 12054. 4 test organisms are used to determine the bactericidal activity of Sterillium according to Pr EN 12054. however, test clearly shows that 30 seconds is enough to kill 13 gram positive, 18 gram negative and 14 antibiotic resistant bacteria. log reduction exceeding 105 within 30 seconds. excellent study to show the strength of Sterillium, specially the antibiotic resistant strains. Check page 228. ]

- • Efficacy Of Hand Disinfectants Against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci In Vitro G. Kampf, M. Hofer, C.Wendt
Journal Of Hospital Infection (1999), Volume 42: Pages 143 – 150
[ Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci may spread within the hospital with contaminated hands. Sterillium is compared with (70% 2 Propanol, 0.5% Chlorhexidine gluconate) and (70% 2 Propanol, 0.5% Chlorhexidine gluconate). Result : Chlorhexidine di-gluconate (0.5% and 4%) was found to be less bactericidal after 30, 60 and 300 seconds and Sterillium was found to be highly bactericidal always. ]

- • Suitability Of Vaccinia Virus And Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) For Determining Activities Of Three Commonly-Used Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs Against Enveloped Viruses. Gunter Kampf, Jochen Steinmann And Holger Rabenau
BMC Infectious Diseases 2007, Pages 7:5
[A comparison of 3 alcohol based rubs. effect with Sterillium was excellent for reduction of Vaccinia virus and BVDV (surrogate virus for hepatitis, all 3 products tested belonged to BODE) ]

SUPERIOR DERMAL TOLERANCE OF STERILLIUM

- How Irritant Is Alcohol ? H. Loffler, G. Kampf, D. Schmermund And H.I. Maibach
- Long – Term Effect Of A 1.5 Minute Surgical Hand Rub With A Propanol – Based Product On The Resident Hand Flora. M.L.Rotter, G.Kampf, M. Suchomel,. M. Kundi
- Clinical double-blind trial on the dermal tolerance and user acceptability of six alcohol-based hand disinfectants for hygienic hand disinfection
- Skin Tolerance Test Report Of Sterillium. Dipl. Chem Prof. Dr.Med H. Ippen
British Journal Of Dermatology 2007, Volume 157 : Pages 74 – 81
Prevelance of irritant skin in Health Care Workers 20 – 40% Less efficacy of alcohols is experienced on wet hands, and the alcohol should never be used on irritated skin.
Drying should be very very gentle. Excessive drying is bad for the skin. Worst irritation was observed due to precipitation of chlorhexidine by the detergent. [ Excellent study to nullify all doubts which clearly indicates that alcohols have basically no irritant behaviour on skin. however, detergents have a very irritating factor !! ]

Department of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Austria, Bode Chemie GmbH & Co.- Hamburg, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Ernst – Moritz-Arndt University – Greifswald – Germany, Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University Vienna, Austria.

A. Kramer, T. Bernig And G. Kampf
Journal Of Hospital Infection (2002), Volume 51: Pages 114-120 [ Comparison of Sterillium against 4 alcohol rubs are checked for dermal tolerance, all
claiming to have skin protectors. Sterillium had the best effect of all the products. This
is a blinded trial, so participants cannot identify the products being used. Excellent
study to show the dermal superiority of Sterillium. ]

Deog-August University, Goettingen [ Sterillium was tested in undiluted form on 40 test persons in the 24 hours cloth test
with triple reading after 24, 48 and 72 hours for a skin irritating effect. It is proven that
Sterillium is completely harmless ]

PRE-IRRITATED SKIN IS THE ROOT CAUSE OF
BURNING ON HANDS NOT BY USING ALCOHOL RUBS
- Clinical Microbiological Reviews, Oct. 2004, Volume 17, Number 4, Pages 863-893 Epidemiologic Background of Hand Hygiene and Evaluation of the Most Important Agents for Scrubs and Rubs. Gunter Kampf and Axel Kramer
- Dermatological aspects of a successful introduction and continuation of alcohol-based hand rubs for hygienic hand disinfection. Kampf G. and H. Loffler, 2003
- Irritancy of the skin Disinfectant n – Propanol. Lubbe J., C. Ruffieux, G.Van Melle, and D.Perrenoud. 2001
- How Irritant Is Alcohol ? H. Loffler, G. Kampf, D. Schmermund And H.I. Maibach
Bode Chemie GmbH & Co. – Hamburg
See : Page 880
[ As the skin condition improves with continued use of alcohol-based hand rubs,
the burning and stinging associated with applying alcohol invariably disappears ]

Journal of Hospital Infection, Volume 55: Pages 1 – 7
[In health care facilities where hand washing with plain soap or antimicrobial soap and
water has been the rule, switching to an alcohol – based hand rub may cause some
personnel to complain of burning or stinging of the skin when applying alcohol.
This is usually due to the presence of underlying detergent – associated ICD among
personnel]

Contact Dermatitis, Volume 45: Pages 226 – 231.
[ Skin that has been damaged by preexisting exposure to detergents may be more
susceptible to irritation by alcohols than are nondamaged skin areas. ]

British Journal Of Dermatology 2007, Volume 157, Pages 74 – 81.
Prevelance of irritant skin in Health Care Workers 20 – 40%
Less efficacy of alcohols is experienced on wet hands, and the alcohol should never be used on
irritated skin.
Drying should be very very gentle. Excessive drying is bad for the skin.
Worst irritation was observed due to precipitation of chlorhexidine by the detergent.

SURGICAL HAND RUBS AS PER EUROPEAN NORMS
ONLY RUB : EFFECTIVITY PROVEN IN 1.5 MINUTES AS COMPARED TO 3 MINUTES

- Long – Term Effect Of A 1.5 Minute Surgical Hand Rub With A Propanol – Based Product On The Resident Hand Flora M.L.Rotter, G.Kampf, M. Suchomel,. M. Kuindi
- Leaflet Showing The Efficacy Of Sterillium In 1.5 Minutes For Surgical Hand Disinfection. Published By Bode.
Department of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Austria,
Bode Chemie GmbH & Co.- Hamburg, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental
Medicine, Ernst – Moritz-Arndt University – Greifswald – Germany, Institute of
Environmental Health, Medical University Vienna, Austria.


COMPARISON OF STERILLIUM WITH OTHER ALCOHOL
RUBS 
- Clinical Microbiological Reviews, Oct. 2004, Volume 17, Number 4, Pages 863-893 Epidemiologic Background of Hand Hygiene and Evaluation of the Most Important Agents for Scrubs and Rubs
- Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Of Colonizing Flora On Nurses’ Hands In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
- MOST IMPORTANT :
- Clinical Double-Blind Trial On The Dermal Tolerance
And User
Acceptability Of Six Alcohol-Based Hand Disinfectants For
Hygienic Hand Disinfection - Efficacy Of Hand Disinfectants Against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci In Vitro
Gunter Kampf and Axel Kramer
Bode Chemie GmbH & Co. – Hamburg
[See Pages – 872, 873, 874]

Heather A. Cook, Jeannie P. Cimiotti, Phyllis Della – Latta, Lisa Saiman, Elaine L. Larson
New York And Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
[ This is a comparison study using alcoholic rubs and Chlorhexidine based antiseptic
soap. the result shows that Chlorhexidine gluconate promotes the formation of
certain resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, whereas alcohol rubs do not. ]

Population Kinetics Of The Skin Flora On Gloved Hands Following
Surgical Hand Disinfection With 3 Propanol-Based Hand Rubs : A
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial
Manfred L Rotter, Gunter Kampf, Miranda Suchomel, Michael Kundi
Infection Control And Hospital Epidemiology, March 2007, Volume 28, Page No.3
[ Excellent comparative study, published which will finally kill Chlorhexidine based
alcohol rubs. Comparison of 3 propanol based hand rubs, a blind trial, where the
results clearly show Sterillium as the best alcohol – rub without any re-growth upto 3
hours ! ]

A. Kramer, T. Bernig and Gunter Kampf
Journal Of Hospital Infection (2002), Volume 51:Pages 114-120.
[ Comparison of Sterillium against 4 alcohol rubs are checked for dermal tolerance,
all claiming to have skin protectors. Sterillium had the best effect of all the products. This
is a blinded trial, so participants cannot identify the products being used. Excellent
study to show the dermal superiority of Sterillium. ]

G. Kampf, M. Hofer, C.Wendt
Journal Of Hospital Infection (1999), Volume 42: Pages 143 – 150.
[ Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci may spread within the hospital with contaminated
hands. Sterillium is compared with Skinsept (70% 2 Propanol, 0.5% Chlorhexidine
gluconate) and Hibisol (70% 2 Propanol, 0.5% Chlorhexidine gluconate). Result :
Chlorhexidine di-gluconate (0.5% and 4%) was found to be less bactericidal after 30, 60
and 300 seconds and Sterillium was found to be highly bactericidal always. ]
